You can find recent findings on this at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) .
The "Puzzle Approach" is a methodology where a paper is framed around solving a specific mystery or "puzzling" phenomenon in any academic field.
Climate models struggle to explain why Antarctic ice expanded for so long before its rapid collapse.
The "Southern Ocean puzzle" involves understanding how deep ocean dynamics influenced past climate shifts, particularly during the transition between ice ages.